Sparse non-negative super-resolution -- simplified and stabilised

The convolution of a discrete measure, $x=\sum_{i=1}^ka_i\delta_{t_i}$, with a local window function, $\phi(s-t)$, is a common model for a measurement device whose resolution is substantially lower than that of the objects being observed. Super-resolution concerns localising the point sources $\{a_i,t_i\}_{i=1}^k$ with an accuracy beyond the essential support of $\phi(s-t)$, typically from $m$ samples $y(s_j)=\sum_{i=1}^k a_i\phi(s_j-t_i)+\eta_j$, where $\eta_j$ indicates an inexactness in the sample value. We consider the setting of $x$ being non-negative and seek to characterise all non-negative measures approximately consistent with the samples. We first show that $x$ is the unique non-negative measure consistent with the samples provided the samples are exact, i.e. $\eta_j=0$, $m\ge 2k+1$ samples are available, and $\phi(s-t)$ generates a Chebyshev system. This is independent of how close the sample locations are and {\em does not rely on any regulariser beyond non-negativity}; as such, it extends and clarifies the work by Schiebinger et al. and De Castro et al., who achieve the same results but require a total variation regulariser, which we show is unnecessary. Moreover, we characterise non-negative solutions $\hat{x}$ consistent with the samples within the bound $\sum_{j=1}^m\eta_j^2\le \delta^2$. Any such non-negative measure is within ${\mathcal O}(\delta^{1/7})$ of the discrete measure $x$ generating the samples in the generalised Wasserstein distance, converging to one another as $\delta$ approaches zero. We also show how to make these general results, for windows that form a Chebyshev system, precise for the case of $\phi(s-t)$ being a Gaussian window. The main innovation of these results is that non-negativity alone is sufficient to localise point sources beyond the essential sensor resolution.Comment: 59 pages, 7 figure

MOBILITY ANALYSIS AND PROFILING FOR SMART MOBILITY SERVICES: A BIG DATA DRIVEN APPROACH. An Integration of Data Science and Travel Behaviour Analytics

Smart mobility proved to be an important but challenging component of the smart cities paradigm. The increased urbanization and the advent of sharing economy require a complete digitalisation of the way travellers interact with the mobility services. New sharing mobility services and smart transportation models are emerging as partial solutions for solving some tra c problems, improve the resource e ciency and reduce the environmental impact. The high connectivity between travellers and the sharing services generates enormous quantity of data which can reveal valuable knowledge and help understanding complex travel behaviour. Advances in data science, embedded computing, sensing systems, and arti cial intelligence technologies make the development of a new generation of intelligent recommendation systems possible. These systems have the potential to act as intelligent transportation advisors that can o er recommendations for an e cient usage of the sharing services and in uence the travel behaviour towards a more sustainable mobility. However, their methodological and technological requirements will far exceed the capabilities of today's smart mobility systems. This dissertation presents a new data-driven approach for mobility analysis and travel behaviour pro ling for smart mobility services. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate how the latest technologies from data science can contribute to the development of the next generation of mobility recommendation systems. Therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is the development of new methodologies and tools for mobility analysis that aim at combining the domain of transportation engineering with the domain of data science. The addressed challenges are derived from speci c open issues and problems in the current state of the art from the smart mobility domain. First, an intelligent recommendation system for sharing services needs a general metric which can assess if a group of users are compatible for speci c sharing solutions. For this problem, this thesis presents a data driven indicator for collaborative mobility that can give an indication whether it is economically bene cial for a group of users to share the ride, a vehicle or a parking space. Secondly, the complex sharing mobility scenarios involve a high number of users and big data that must be handled by capable modelling frameworks and data analytic platforms. To tackle this problem, a suitable meta model for the transportation domain is created, using the state of the art multi-dimensional graph data models, technologies and analytic frameworks. Thirdly, the sharing mobility paradigm needs an user-centric approach for dynamic extraction of travel habits and mobility patterns. To address this challenge, this dissertation proposes a method capable of dynamically pro ling users and the visited locations in order to extract knowledge (mobility patterns and habits) from raw data that can be used for the implementation of shared mobility solutions. Fourthly, the entire process of data collection and extraction of the knowledge should be done with near no interaction from user side. To tackle this issue, this thesis presents practical applications such as classi cation of visited locations and learning of users' travel habits and mobility patterns using historical and external contextual data

The dual approach to non-negative super-resolution: perturbation analysis

We study the problem of super-resolution, where we recover the locations and weights of non-negative point sources from a few samples of their convolution with a Gaussian kernel. It has been shown that exact recovery is possible by minimising the total variation norm of the measure, and a practical way of achieve this is by solving the dual problem. In this paper, we study the stability of solutions with respect to the solutions dual problem, both in the case of exact measurements and in the case of measurements with additive noise. In particular, we establish a relationship between perturbations in the dual variable and perturbations in the primal variable around the optimiser and a similar relationship between perturbations in the dual variable around the optimiser and the magnitude of the additive noise in the measurements. Our analysis is based on a quantitative version of the implicit function theorem.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figure

Methods for Cryo-EM Single Particle Reconstruction of Macromolecules having Continuous Heterogeneity

Macromolecules change their shape (conformation) in the process of carrying out their functions. The imaging by cryo-electron microscopy of rapidly-frozen, individual copies of macromolecules (single particles) is a powerful and general approach to understanding the motions and energy landscapes of macromolecules. Widely-used computational methods already allow the recovery of a few distinct conformations from heterogeneous single-particle samples, but the treatment of complex forms of heterogeneity such as the continuum of possible transitory states and flexible regions remains largely an open problem. In recent years there has been a surge of new approaches for treating the more general problem of continuous heterogeneity. This paper surveys the current state of the art in this area.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

Researches regarding the correlation between renal parameters and the evolution of electrolytes in renal failure in dogs

Renal failure is a medical emergency defined as an acute syndrome of partial or total rapid loss and potentially reversible of the renal excretion function, typically on a healthy renal parenchymal and rarely on an old nephropathy untreated on time that can lead to chronic renal failure, or be incompatible with life. The cases studied are canine patients of different ages, belonging to different races and sharing acute or chronic renal insufficiency of different etiology. Determination of renal parameters was performed in all cases and their progress was closely correlated with the electrolyte and sanuguine gas parameters. The purpose of this research is to determine, based on the cases under consideration, the AnGap influence in establishing a vital prognosis and a therapeutic protocol. Determination of blood gases and electrolytes is an important component in determining the degree of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and the degree of kidney damage. The difference between electrolytes and pH value are important indexes and provide extremely useful data to guide the therapeutic act. The following study was performed in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine’s Clinic and it was based on case studies spontaneously presented in the Clinic. This activity was conducted during 16 months (March 2015 - June 2016). During this period, 30 patients who presented clinical signs of renal impairment and were confirmed by biochemical analysis were introduced into the study. The studied cases are dogs of different ages, belonging to different races and sharing acute or chronic renal impairment of different etiology. Determination of renal parameters was performed in all cases and their progress was closely correlated with the electrolyte and sanguine gas parameters

Determinants of Health Status and Public Policies Implications – Lessons for Romania

La presente investigación se enfoca en determinar la eficiencia de la respuesta sísmica de la infraestructura del hospital materno infantil de la ciudad de Juliaca mediante el empleo de los aisladores High Damping Rubber (HDR), Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) y Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) considerándose en el análisis la flexibilidad del suelo llamado también interacción suelo - estructura. Inicialmente se estudió los fundamentos de los sistemas de aislación y la interacción suelo - estructura para luego diseñar los dispositivos de aislación, los cuales se ensayaron en un software de análisis estructural ETABS 2015 en la infraestructura del centro hospitalario materno infantil de la ciudad de Juliaca. Las dimensiones a partir de las cuales se buscó determinar el aislador más eficiente son la fuerza cortante en la base, la distorsión de entrepiso, el desplazamiento máximo, aceleración máxima, y los modos de vibración y su participación de la masa a través del análisis modal tiempo – historia no lineal (FNA) y el método de integración directa en el que se usó siete registros de aceleración de estaciones ubicados en suelo tipo S2 para obtener la mejor performance de la estructura. En la investigación se determinó al aislador Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) como el más idóneo para este centro hospitalario que tiene sus particularidades de concepción y distribución arquitectónica, obteniéndose una distorsión de entrepiso inferiores a 0.003 máximo permitido por la Norma Chilena de aislamiento sísmico PrNCh2745 (2013), por la investigación de Mendo (2015) y 0.0033 de Hazus – MH 2.1 (2015) y aceleraciones menores a 0.25g que evitaran daños en equipos sensibles y otorgaran un confort humano durante el evento sísmico. Además, se tiene una reducción de fuerza cortante de 57% respecto a la estructura fija sin aislamiento. Y desarrollando 2/3 de su capacidad de desplazamiento para un sismo máximo creíble.TesisJULIACAEscuela Profesional de Ingeniería CivilIngeniería Estructura

THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF WHITE WINES OBTAINED FROM BIODYNAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL GROWN GRAPES IN ROMANIA

This study analyses the differences between wines obtained from grapes cultivated conventionally and those cultivated biodynamically. The wine samples studied were obtained from Rhein Riesling, Italian Riesling, Muscat Ottonel and Chardonnay grape varieties. Among these, four variants (one from each grape variety) were obtained from grapes following conventional cultural technologies, while the rest were from the same grape varieties cultivated biodynamically. All grapes and wines were produced in the Murfatlar vineyard, in south-east Romania. Basic chemical and sensorial analyses were applied to evaluate the differences appearing between the conventional and organic wine samples. All sets of data, PCA analysed, underlined that there are no systematic differences between the two grape cultivation methods and the obtained products

The aromatic profile of white wines obtained from biodynamic and conventional grown grapes in Romania

This study analyses the differences between wines obtained from grapes cultivated conventionally and those cultivated biodynamically. The wine samples studied were obtained from Rhein Riesling, Italian Riesling, Muscat Ottonel and Chardonnay grape varieties. Among these, four variants (one from each grape variety) were obtained from grapes following conventional cultural technologies, while the rest were from the same grape varieties cultivated biodynamically. All grapes and wines were produced in the Murfatlar vineyard, in south-east Romania. Basic chemical and sensorial analyses were applied to evaluate the differences appearing between the conventional and organic wine samples. All sets of data, PCA analysed, underlined that there are no systematic differences between the two grape cultivation methods and the obtained products

Increasing amino acids and biogenic amines content of white and rosé wines during ageing on lees

The presence of biogenic amines in wine is more and more important both to consumers and producers alike, due to the potential threats of toxicity of humans and consequent trade implications. Biogenic amines are formed from amino acids by decarboxylation carried out by various enzymes located in yeasts and bacteria. During ageing of wines on lees, the release of different compounds, especially proteins, peptides, amino acids, breakdown products of yeasts, can impact on the quality of wine. The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of twenty-two amino acids, precursors of seven biogenic amines during ageing on lees for 12 months, respectively 18 months, using 12 commercial maturation products. The number of experimental samples is 26 (V1SB-V13SB, V1BB-V13BB), produced in Iasi vineyard, vintage 2020, from Sauvignon Blanc and Busuioaca de Bohotin grapes variety. Data indicated a major impact of the variables (commercial maturation products, autolysis process and grape variety) on wine’s characteristics. Considerable amounts of some essential amino acids, such as L-alanine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-valine and L-glutamic acid were found in samples treated with commercial products, which contained significant amounts of mannoproteins, amino acids and vitamins (samples V6SB, V4SB, V5SB, V5BB, V4BB and V6BB). Vitamins and nitrogenous compounds released by autolysis are used as a support in the decarboxylation process, thus forming biogenic amines